The term “CNC” is a generic term which can be used to describe many types of device, this would include plotters, vinyl cutters, 3D printers, milling machines and others. CNC stands for Computer Numerically Controlled and basically means that the physical movements of the machine are controlled by instructions, such as co-ordinate positions that are generated using a computer.
The term “CNC Machine” is typically used to refer to a device which uses a rotating cutting tool which moves in 3 or more axes (X, Y and Z) to cut-out or carve parts in different types of materials. The information on these pages will focus on what are typically referred to as “CNC Routers” although it would be applicable to most CNC milling and engraving machines too.
The image to the right shows a typical CNC setup with labels for some of the key components and also an indicator showing the 3 axis of movement (X, Y and Z) and their directions in relation to this particular machine. This is just one example and it should be noted there are many other types, sizes, ratios and configurations of CNC too.