the EPA’s Office of Water
established a provisional health advisory (PHA) of
0.2 micrograms per liter (µg/L) for PFOS and 0.4
µg/L for PFOA to assess the potential risk from
short-term exposure of these chemicals through
drinking water. PHAs reflect reasonable, healthbased
hazard concentrations above which action
should be taken to reduce exposure to
unregulated contaminants in drinking water (EPA
2009d, 2013a).