Abstract Various agricultural residues, such as corn fi- ber, corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse, contain about 20–40% hemicellulose, the sec- ond most abundant polysaccharide in nature. The con- version of hemicellulose to fuels and chemicals is problematic. In this paper, various pretreatment options as well as enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars is reviewed. Our research dealing with the pretreatment and enzymatic sacchari- fication of corn fiber and development of novel and improved enzymes such as endo-xylanase, b-xylosidase, and a-L-arabinofuranosidase for hemicellulose biocon- version is described. The barriers, progress, and pros- pects of developing an environmentally benign bioprocess for large-scale conversion of hemicellulose to fuel ethanol, xylitol, 2,3-butanediol, and other value- added fermentation products are highlighted.
Abstract Various agricultural residues, such as corn fi- ber, corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse, contain about 20–40% hemicellulose, the sec- ond most abundant polysaccharide in nature. The con- version of hemicellulose to fuels and chemicals is problematic. In this paper, various pretreatment options as well as enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars is reviewed. Our research dealing with the pretreatment and enzymatic sacchari- fication of corn fiber and development of novel and improved enzymes such as endo-xylanase, b-xylosidase, and a-L-arabinofuranosidase for hemicellulose biocon- version is described. The barriers, progress, and pros- pects of developing an environmentally benign bioprocess for large-scale conversion of hemicellulose to fuel ethanol, xylitol, 2,3-butanediol, and other value- added fermentation products are highlighted.
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