Flow and static losses calculations methods
The calculations of the LEV system were performed
according to the velocity pressure method recommended
by the American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH). In this
method, all losses (frictional and dynamic) are a
coefficient of velocity pressure in system. Coefficients
of entry losses for hoods (fh – friction of hood) were
determined according to the form and structure of the
hoods and their entrance angles. Hood entry loss (he)
was calculated by multiplying hood coefficient and
velocity pressure. Some joints, elbows, branches, and
dampers were used in this LEV system. The pressure
loss of these parts was calculated by multiplying their
coefficients by velocity pressure and entering the
value to the calculated sheet recommended by
ACGIH. System features were determined using
calculations based on the velocity pressure method.
In these calculations, an average temperature of
298.15 K (25uC), air pressure of 760.5 mm Hg, and relative humidity of 72% were assumed for system
functions. We estimated static pressure losses and
adjusted flow rates according to the average air
temperature and ambient pressure. Balancing pressure
loss among the parallel branches was key in
designing local ventilation systems and was achieved
by changing the diameter of the ducts of the air flow
rates of the hoods in the system.25