Columns 3 and 4 of Table 4 replace belief in hell by belief in heaven.
The result share similar to those found before, except that the quantitative effect and statistical significance for belief in heaven are somewhat less than those for belief in hell.
For example, when the religion shares are excluded from the growth system in column 3, the estimated coefficient on the monthly-church-attendance variable is –0.0104 (0.0023),
whereas that on the belief-in-heaven variable is 0.0069 (0.0029)
The p-value for joint significance is 0.000.
When the religion shares are included in column 4, the estimated coefficients are –0.0123 (0.0043) on the monthly attendance variable and 0.0076 (0.0048)