In contrast, PEF + heat in Salmonella Senftenberg 775 W surpassed the sum of the inactivation reached by each hurdle (Fig. 1A), achieving a synergistic effect. It is known that PEF treatments create pores in the cytoplasmic membrane, some ofwhich are able to reseal if the recovery conditions are optimal (García et al., 2007; Saulis, 2010).