i said in 4.1 that liberty and equality are the distinguishing principles of democracy. most of the procedures or instieutions which i have described in the present section, as being specially characteristic of democratic forms of government, are intended to promote the principle of liberty in particular. the principle of equality finds expression in the general idea of government by all the people, which in practice does not mean participation in government proper but participation in the process of electing a government. the opportunity to take part is given to every adult citizen equally; one man, one vote ; and one vote.one volus