Olive was introduced into cultivati

Olive was introduced into cultivatio nmore than 3000 years ago, but on lyduring the lastt wodecades
has cultivationshiftedfromlowdensitytodensehedgeroworchards.Thisdevelopmentrespondsto
the needformechanizationtoreduceproductioncostsandachievemoretimelymanagementinterven-
tions. Thereis,however,littlescientificorcommercialknowledgeavailabletosupportthisnewplanting
system inoliveandtocontributetoitsdevelopment.Thisreviewfocusesonwhatisknownandwhat
knowledge isrequiredfordesignandmanagementofhedgeroworchardsforcontinuingproductivity
and economicviability.Thereviewadoptsatargetedapproachbasedonconsiderationoftheimpactof
orchard structureonmicroenvironmentandproductionprocessesandoilquality.Particularemphasis
is giventohoworcharddesignandstructureaffectirradianceinterceptionandhowthatdetermines
productivity. Thereviewalsodealswithestablishmentoforchards(cultivarselection,plantingpatterns,
pruning forrowformation)andmaintenanceofhedgerowsforcontinuingproductivity(irrigation,fertil-
ization, pruningtomaintainstructureandproductivity,controlofpestsanddiseases,andregenerationof
failed hedgerows).Animportantunderlyingconsiderationisthestronginteractionbetweendesignand
dimensions ofbothhedgerowsandharvestingmachineswithexamplestakenfromthetwocommon,
high density(HD)andsuper-highdensity(SHD)orcharddesigns.Thesearchfornewmachinedesigns
continues simultaneouslywiththatforcultivars,orchardlayouts,andpruningsystemsbettersuitedto
thisnewproductionsystem.Currently,onlythreecultivars(‘Arbequina’,‘Arbosana,‘Koroneiki’)dominate
SHD orchards.Over-rowharvestersmustmatchhedgerowdimensionswhiletreestructureandfruiting
behavior mustsuittheharvester.Contextisprovidedbyidentifyingreasonsformajordifferencesfrom
traditional olivecultureandattitudesfromwhichmostexistinginformationontreeresponseandsuc-
cessful managementpracticehasbeenaccumulated.Toaccountforthesedifferences,terminologyis
proposed todefinehedgerowstructurethatisrequiredforeffectivemanagementofoilproduction,oil
quality, sanitaryconditions,andprofitabilityundervariousconditions.Thereviewcontinueswithdis-
cussions ofrequirementsandcurrentperformanceofmechanicalharvestersandacomparativelifecycle
economic analysisofalternativeHDandSHDsystems.Thelatterdemonstratesthecomplexityofanalysis
and itsimportancetothechoiceoforcharddesignattheoutsetofeachnewproject.Thereviewcon-
cludes withrecommendationsforbasicandappliedresearchtodetermineoptimalhedgerowstructures
and managementforindividualsituations,developmentofnewcultivars,andmaintenanceofhedgerow
structure forcontinuingproductivity.

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 1:

มะกอกที่ถูกนำมาใช้เป็น nmore cultivatio กว่า 3000 ปีที่ผ่านมา แต่ ใน lyduring lastt wodecadesมี cultivationshiftedfromlowdensitytodensehedgeroworchards Thisdevelopmentrespondstoneedformechanizationtoreduceproductioncostsandachievemoretimelymanagementinterven-tions Thereis อย่างไรก็ตาม littlescientificorcommercialknowledgeavailabletosupportthisnewplantingระบบ inoliveandtocontributetoitsdevelopment Thisreviewfocusesonwhatisknownandwhatisrequiredfordesignandmanagementofhedgeroworchardsforcontinuingproductivity รู้และ economicviability Thereviewadoptsatargetedapproachbasedonconsiderationoftheimpactofstructureonmicroenvironmentandproductionprocessesandoilquality ออร์ชาร์ด Particularemphasisเป็น giventohoworcharddesignandstructureaffectirradianceinterceptionandhowthatdeterminesผลผลิต Thereviewalsodealswithestablishmentoforchards (cultivarselection, plantingpatternsตัด forrowformation) andmaintenanceofhedgerowsforcontinuingproductivity (ชลประทาน fertil-ization, pruningtomaintainstructureandproductivity, controlofpestsanddiseases, andregenerationofล้มเหลว hedgerows) Animportantunderlyingconsiderationisthestronginteractionbetweendesignandขนาด ofbothhedgerowsandharvestingmachineswithexamplestakenfromthetwocommonความหนาแน่นสูง (HD) andsuper-highdensity (SHD) orcharddesigns Thesearchfornewmachinedesignsต่อ simultaneouslywiththatforcultivars, orchardlayouts, andpruningsystemsbettersuitedtothisnewproductionsystem ปัจจุบัน onlythreecultivars ('Arbequina', 'Arbosana,' Koroneiki') ครองสวนผลไม้ SHD Rowharvestersmustmatchhedgerowdimensionswhiletreestructureandfruiting มากกว่าลักษณะการทำงาน mustsuittheharvester Contextisprovidedbyidentifyingreasonsformajordifferencesfromแบบ olivecultureandattitudesfromwhichmostexistinginformationontreeresponseandsuc-cessful managementpracticehasbeenaccumulated Toaccountforthesedifferences, terminologyisนำเสนอ todefinehedgerowstructurethatisrequiredforeffectivemanagementofoilproduction น้ำมันคุณภาพ sanitaryconditions, andprofitabilityundervariousconditions Thereviewcontinueswithdis-cussions ofrequirementsandcurrentperformanceofmechanicalharvestersandacomparativelifecycleanalysisofalternativeHDandSHDsystems.Thelatterdemonstratesthecomplexityofanalysis เศรษฐกิจและ itsimportancetothechoiceoforcharddesignattheoutsetofeachnewproject Thereviewcon-cludes withrecommendationsforbasicandappliedresearchtodetermineoptimalhedgerowstructuresและ managementforindividualsituations, developmentofnewcultivars, andmaintenanceofhedgerowโครงสร้าง forcontinuingproductivity

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 2:

มะกอกถูกนำเข้าสู่ nmore cultivatio มากกว่า 3000 ปีที่ผ่านมา แต่ใน lyduring lastt wodecades
มี cultivationshiftedfromlowdensitytodensehedgeroworchards.Thisdevelopmentrespondsto
needformechanizationtoreduceproductioncostsandachievemoretimelymanagementinterven-
tions thereis แต่ littlescientificorcommercialknowledgeavailabletosupportthisnewplanting
ระบบ inoliveandtocontributetoitsdevelopment.Thisreviewfocusesonwhatisknownandwhat
ความรู้ isrequiredfordesignandmanagementofhedgeroworchardsforcontinuingproductivity
และ economicviability.Thereviewadoptsatargetedapproachbasedonconsiderationoftheimpactof
สวน structureonmicroenvironmentandproductionprocessesandoilquality.Particularemphasis
เป็น giventohoworcharddesignandstructureaffectirradianceinterceptionandhowthatdetermines
ผลผลิต Thereviewalsodealswithestablishmentoforchards (cultivarselection, plantingpatterns,
forrowformation การตัดแต่งกิ่ง) andmaintenanceofhedgerowsforcontinuingproductivity (ชลประทาน fertil-
ization, pruningtomaintainstructureandproductivity, controlofpestsanddiseases, andregenerationof
พุ่มไม้ล้มเหลว) .Animportantunderlyingconsiderationisthestronginteractionbetweendesignand
ขนาด ofbothhedgerowsandharvestingmachineswithexamplestakenfromthetwocommon,
ความหนาแน่นสูง (HD) andsuper-highdensity (SHD) orcharddesigns.Thesearchfornewmachinedesigns
อย่างต่อเนื่อง orchards.Over-rowharvestersmustmatchhedgerowdimensionswhiletreestructureandfruiting พฤติกรรม mustsuittheharvester.Contextisprovidedbyidentifyingreasonsformajordifferencesfrom ดั้งเดิม olivecultureandattitudesfromwhichmostexistinginformationontreeresponseandsuc- managementpracticehasbeenaccumulated.Toaccountforthesedifferences ประสบ, terminologyis เสนอ todefinehedgerowstructurethatisrequiredforeffectivemanagementofoilproduction น้ำมันคุณภาพsanitaryconditions, andprofitabilityundervariousconditions.Thereviewcontinueswithdis- cussions ofrequirementsandcurrentperformanceofmechanicalharvestersandacomparativelifecycle analysisofalternativeHDandSHDsystems.Thelatterdemonstratesthecomplexityofanalysis เศรษฐกิจและitsimportancetothechoiceoforcharddesignattheoutsetofeachnewproject.Thereviewcon- withrecommendationsforbasicandappliedresearchtodetermineoptimalhedgerowstructures cludes และ managementforindividualsituations, developmentofnewcultivars, andmaintenanceofhedgerow โครงสร้าง forcontinuingproductivity

ผลลัพธ์ (ไทย) 3:

มะกอกที่ใช้เป็น cultivatio มากกว่า 3 , 000 ปีมาแล้ว แต่ใน lyduring ที่ lastt wodecades
มี cultivationshiftedfromlowdensitytodensehedgeroworchards . thisdevelopmentrespondsto
-
needformechanizationtoreduceproductioncostsandachievemoretimelymanagementinterven tions . จะ อย่างไรก็ตาม littlescientificorcommercialknowledgeavailabletosupportthisnewplanting
inoliveandtocontributetoitsdevelopment ระบบ thisreviewfocusesonwhatisknownandwhat

ความรู้และ isrequiredfordesignandmanagementofhedgeroworchardsforcontinuingproductivity economicviability . thereviewadoptsatargetedapproachbasedonconsiderationoftheimpactof สวน structureonmicroenvironmentandproductionprocessesandoilquality particularemphasis

.เป็น giventohoworcharddesignandstructureaffectirradianceinterceptionandhowthatdetermines
ผลผลิต thereviewalsodealswithestablishmentoforchards ( cultivarselection plantingpatterns
, , การตัดแต่งกิ่ง forrowformation ) andmaintenanceofhedgerowsforcontinuingproductivity ( ชลประทาน , fertil -
รับรองเอกสาร pruningtomaintainstructureandproductivity controlofpestsanddiseases , , ,
andregenerationof ล้มเหลวลูกค้า )animportantunderlyingconsiderationisthestronginteractionbetweendesignand

ofbothhedgerowsandharvestingmachineswithexamplestakenfromthetwocommon ขนาด , ความหนาแน่นสูง ( HD ) andsuper ไฮ เดนซิตี้ ( shd ) orcharddesigns . thesearchfornewmachinedesigns
ยังคง simultaneouslywiththatforcultivars orchardlayouts thisnewproductionsystem.currently andpruningsystemsbettersuitedto
, , ,onlythreecultivars ( 'arbequina 'arbosana 'koroneiki ' , ' ) ครอง

mustsuittheharvester สวนผลไม้ shd กว่า rowharvestersmustmatchhedgerowdimensionswhiletreestructureandfruiting พฤติกรรม contextisprovidedbyidentifyingreasonsformajordifferencesfrom
-
cessful ดั้งเดิม olivecultureandattitudesfromwhichmostexistinginformationontreeresponseandsuc managementpracticehasbeenaccumulated .toaccountforthesedifferences terminologyis เสนอ todefinehedgerowstructurethatisrequiredforeffectivemanagementofoilproduction
, ,
sanitaryconditions คุณภาพ , น้ำมัน , andprofitabilityundervariousconditions . thereviewcontinueswithdis -

cussions ofrequirementsandcurrentperformanceofmechanicalharvestersandacomparativelifecycle เศรษฐกิจ analysisofalternativehdandshdsystems .และ thelatterdemonstratesthecomplexityofanalysis
-
itsimportancetothechoiceoforcharddesignattheoutsetofeachnewproject . thereviewcon cludes withrecommendationsforbasicandappliedresearchtodetermineoptimalhedgerowstructures
managementforindividualsituations developmentofnewcultivars โครงสร้าง , และ , forcontinuingproductivity andmaintenanceofhedgerow