Educational Journal of Thailand Vol. 2, No. 1 January - December 2008
10
DEVELOPING A KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR EDUCATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE IN FACULTY OF EDUCATION, MAHASARAKHAM UNIVERSITY Chalard Chantarasombat* Rungthip Singporn*
Abstract This study aimed to make plans for knowledge management (KM) for educational quality assurance (QA) together with activity plans for work development of the department in the divisions of faculty of education, to examine conditional factors of success of KM for QA. The sample for this study, obtained by using a purposive sampling technique, consisted of 19 members of the operational committee of the Division of Research, Academic Service and Educational Quality Assurance, and those interested in volunteering to participate in the activity in the community, Mixed methods were used including participatory action research (PAR), research and development, qualitative research and quantitative research. Findings were: 1) The model of KM development in QA consisted of 6 stages: (1) team/core- leader preparation, (2) building motivation and participatory working, (3) making the plans and developing team potential, (4) putting the plans into practice and developing work, (5) follow-up and upgrading the body of knowledge, and (6) evaluation for conclusions. 2) In developing and trying out the KM model for QA, it was found that the KM model as a whole was appropriate at the highest level. Groups of people, community of practice (CoPs) operated KM according to the 6 stages of the learning process. Sources of knowledge were gained
*Assist. Prof. and staff, Faculty of Education, Mahasarakam University, Thailand.
from problems, raising questions concerning development including building knowledge, classifying knowledge, storing knowledge, implementing knowledge, sharing knowledge, and assessing knowledge. The Faculty of Education had a KM center responsible for all these processes. 3) The factors of success in KM for QA of Faculty of Education were the use of leadership by the researcher, participants, and administrator. Faculty of Education administrative committee members were learners and instructors. The important person in KM had to create positive awareness of organizational development, provision of opportunities for participants to have participation from the beginning and to be responsible for conducting the research, learning by practicing and improving and developing work, persons in the research team being enthusiastic about learning, performing work in their own group to be better than at present, and sharing learning at the level of persons, community groups and practitioners in both the real forum and the realistic forum.
Keywords: knowledge management model, educational quality assurance
11 Educational Journal of Thailand Vol. 2, No. 1 January - December 2008
Introduction
External education quality assessment of the Office of Educational Standards Certification and Quality Assurance in round 2 in 2006 includes important differences from round 1. Assessment in round 2 mandates high objectivity and has clarity in terms of standards, indicators, and more importantly, has criteria for judging the results of assessment which are based on the principle that the institute has been developed to have excellence according to its own identity. The criteria for judgment are in conformity with standard criteria, criteria for developments, and criteria for achieving success according to the goals of official performance based on Mahasarakham University’s plans. These plans emphasizes production of graduates and research by giving the total weight to the following specific indicators: 1) standard in the quality of graduates to have specific weight higher than or equivalent to 35 percent of the total 2) standard in research work and creative work to have specific weight higher than or equivalent to 30 percent 3) standard in academic services to have specific weight higher than or equivalent to 20 percent and 4) standard in nurturing arts and culture to have specific weight higher than or equivalent to 10 percent (Office of Educational Standards Certification and Quality Assurance, 2006, p.5). As a result of grouping higher educational institutes according to the focus on performance based on the missions of the institute, there were impacts on groups of institutes and groups of major fields which had to adjust themselves. It was regarded as a new issue at the levels of faculty, department, and major field. There had to be determination of internal and external QA systems which originated in connection with the administrators, plan-makers, practitioners,
and involved persons to share learning continuously to originate organizational culture in the type of participatory working. There occurred a learning organization and KM in the type of organizational quality and efficiency assurance. Also, the Faculty of Education had adjusted its Strategic Plan (2006-2009) to focus on 10 purposes. Purpose 9 operates internal QA for developing education continuously to receive quality standards certification, as well as to disseminate information to the public to meet strategy 1. The QA system was promoted and developed with these 4 major goals: 1) having projects to provide additional knowledge concerning QA for staff at least 2 projects a year: 2) all agencies in the Faculty must have complete systems and mechanisms for internal QA within the year 2006: 3) providing quality improvement plans from the assessment and having operation in each development plan with completion of at least at 75 percent of them: and 4) having systems of assessing instructors’ instruction in every course with online assessment within the year 2006 (Faculty of Education. 2006, p. 20). Thus, the research staff was interested in conducting a study of developing a KM model of educational quality assurance in the Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University. If an appropriate and efficient method of KM was found, it would lead to higher quality staff development, work and organization development to have quality.
Purposes
1. To make KM plans in QA together with activity plans for work development of Departments and Divisions in the Faculty of Education 2. To examine KM models for QA together with activity in the Faculty of Education with efficient working mechanisms
Educational Journal of Thailand Vol. 2, No. 1 January - December 2008
12
3. To examine conditional factors of success in KM in QA for the Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University.
Procedure
1. Sample The sample for this study was selected by using a purposive sampling technique, comprising 19 operational committee members of the Divisions of Research, Academic Services, and Quality Assurance, according to the order of the Faculty of Education No.248/2006 on 2 May 2006, and interested persons who volunteered to participate continuously in the activities.
2. Methodology
This was a joint research study by the KM team, major coordinators of work groups as representatives of organizational efficient groups from each department/major field, and the researcher himself. A mixed methods research design was used including participatory action research (PAR), qualitative research and quantitative research. The stages of conducting the study were: 1) preparing team of core leading researchers, 2) building motivations, and participation, 3) making plans, 4) putting plans into practice, 5) follow-ups and upgrading knowledge, and 6) evaluation in summary.
3. Method
This study was divided into 3 phases:
1. Phase 1 studied related literature and determined the research conceptual framework: studied theories and concepts of knowledge and KM, studied concepts of developing models and research involving developing models, and determined research
conceptual framework in KM, KM cycle, and factors affecting KM. 2. Phase 2 selected the research participants. The six focus Departments were Educational Administration Department, Curriculum and Instruction Department, Educational Technology and Media Department, Educational Psychology and Guidance Department, Educational Research and Development Department, and Health Science and Sport Department. The following were criteria for consideration: 1) The Departments in the Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University were selected by using the following criteria: The Department had more than 1 major field. The instructors had graduated from various educational institutes. There were continuous development activities, but KM had not been implemented together with work development, and the departments volunteered to participate in learning and developing work. As for the department secretary, all Divisions in the Faculty of Education were regarded as a team of participants as practitioners and 10 knowledge managers from all the Departments.
2) The Departments selected to conduct this study were Educational Administration Department with 2 major fields: Educational Administration major field and Non-formal Education major field with a total of 9 persons. 3. Phase 3 developed the KM model, divided into 2 stages. 1) Constructed a tentative model of KM in QA based on the research conceptual framework in terms of the scope of important activities for KM, according to the concepts of Nonaka & Takeuchi; Vicharn Phanich; and Wiig’s process of KM; and importantly, His Majesty King Bhumibol’s
13 Educational Journal of Thailand Vol. 2, No. 1 January - December 2008
principle of working involving participatory work performance and knowing, love, and unity. These principles were integrated into techniques of development to be a tentative KM model of QA of the Faculty of Education. The tentative model was then submitted to three experts for considering its appropriateness and possibility in practice and congruence with group development plans. 2) Tried out the tentative KM model of QA and imp
Educational Journal of Thailand Vol. 2, No. 1 January - December 2008
10
DEVELOPING A KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR EDUCATIONAL QUALITY ASSURANCE IN FACULTY OF EDUCATION, MAHASARAKHAM UNIVERSITY Chalard Chantarasombat* Rungthip Singporn*
Abstract This study aimed to make plans for knowledge management (KM) for educational quality assurance (QA) together with activity plans for work development of the department in the divisions of faculty of education, to examine conditional factors of success of KM for QA. The sample for this study, obtained by using a purposive sampling technique, consisted of 19 members of the operational committee of the Division of Research, Academic Service and Educational Quality Assurance, and those interested in volunteering to participate in the activity in the community, Mixed methods were used including participatory action research (PAR), research and development, qualitative research and quantitative research. Findings were: 1) The model of KM development in QA consisted of 6 stages: (1) team/core- leader preparation, (2) building motivation and participatory working, (3) making the plans and developing team potential, (4) putting the plans into practice and developing work, (5) follow-up and upgrading the body of knowledge, and (6) evaluation for conclusions. 2) In developing and trying out the KM model for QA, it was found that the KM model as a whole was appropriate at the highest level. Groups of people, community of practice (CoPs) operated KM according to the 6 stages of the learning process. Sources of knowledge were gained
*Assist. Prof. and staff, Faculty of Education, Mahasarakam University, Thailand.
from problems, raising questions concerning development including building knowledge, classifying knowledge, storing knowledge, implementing knowledge, sharing knowledge, and assessing knowledge. The Faculty of Education had a KM center responsible for all these processes. 3) The factors of success in KM for QA of Faculty of Education were the use of leadership by the researcher, participants, and administrator. Faculty of Education administrative committee members were learners and instructors. The important person in KM had to create positive awareness of organizational development, provision of opportunities for participants to have participation from the beginning and to be responsible for conducting the research, learning by practicing and improving and developing work, persons in the research team being enthusiastic about learning, performing work in their own group to be better than at present, and sharing learning at the level of persons, community groups and practitioners in both the real forum and the realistic forum.
Keywords: knowledge management model, educational quality assurance
11 Educational Journal of Thailand Vol. 2, No. 1 January - December 2008
Introduction
External education quality assessment of the Office of Educational Standards Certification and Quality Assurance in round 2 in 2006 includes important differences from round 1. Assessment in round 2 mandates high objectivity and has clarity in terms of standards, indicators, and more importantly, has criteria for judging the results of assessment which are based on the principle that the institute has been developed to have excellence according to its own identity. The criteria for judgment are in conformity with standard criteria, criteria for developments, and criteria for achieving success according to the goals of official performance based on Mahasarakham University’s plans. These plans emphasizes production of graduates and research by giving the total weight to the following specific indicators: 1) standard in the quality of graduates to have specific weight higher than or equivalent to 35 percent of the total 2) standard in research work and creative work to have specific weight higher than or equivalent to 30 percent 3) standard in academic services to have specific weight higher than or equivalent to 20 percent and 4) standard in nurturing arts and culture to have specific weight higher than or equivalent to 10 percent (Office of Educational Standards Certification and Quality Assurance, 2006, p.5). As a result of grouping higher educational institutes according to the focus on performance based on the missions of the institute, there were impacts on groups of institutes and groups of major fields which had to adjust themselves. It was regarded as a new issue at the levels of faculty, department, and major field. There had to be determination of internal and external QA systems which originated in connection with the administrators, plan-makers, practitioners,
and involved persons to share learning continuously to originate organizational culture in the type of participatory working. There occurred a learning organization and KM in the type of organizational quality and efficiency assurance. Also, the Faculty of Education had adjusted its Strategic Plan (2006-2009) to focus on 10 purposes. Purpose 9 operates internal QA for developing education continuously to receive quality standards certification, as well as to disseminate information to the public to meet strategy 1. The QA system was promoted and developed with these 4 major goals: 1) having projects to provide additional knowledge concerning QA for staff at least 2 projects a year: 2) all agencies in the Faculty must have complete systems and mechanisms for internal QA within the year 2006: 3) providing quality improvement plans from the assessment and having operation in each development plan with completion of at least at 75 percent of them: and 4) having systems of assessing instructors’ instruction in every course with online assessment within the year 2006 (Faculty of Education. 2006, p. 20). Thus, the research staff was interested in conducting a study of developing a KM model of educational quality assurance in the Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University. If an appropriate and efficient method of KM was found, it would lead to higher quality staff development, work and organization development to have quality.
Purposes
1. To make KM plans in QA together with activity plans for work development of Departments and Divisions in the Faculty of Education 2. To examine KM models for QA together with activity in the Faculty of Education with efficient working mechanisms
Educational Journal of Thailand Vol. 2, No. 1 January - December 2008
12
3. To examine conditional factors of success in KM in QA for the Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University.
Procedure
1. Sample The sample for this study was selected by using a purposive sampling technique, comprising 19 operational committee members of the Divisions of Research, Academic Services, and Quality Assurance, according to the order of the Faculty of Education No.248/2006 on 2 May 2006, and interested persons who volunteered to participate continuously in the activities.
2. Methodology
This was a joint research study by the KM team, major coordinators of work groups as representatives of organizational efficient groups from each department/major field, and the researcher himself. A mixed methods research design was used including participatory action research (PAR), qualitative research and quantitative research. The stages of conducting the study were: 1) preparing team of core leading researchers, 2) building motivations, and participation, 3) making plans, 4) putting plans into practice, 5) follow-ups and upgrading knowledge, and 6) evaluation in summary.
3. Method
This study was divided into 3 phases:
1. Phase 1 studied related literature and determined the research conceptual framework: studied theories and concepts of knowledge and KM, studied concepts of developing models and research involving developing models, and determined research
conceptual framework in KM, KM cycle, and factors affecting KM. 2. Phase 2 selected the research participants. The six focus Departments were Educational Administration Department, Curriculum and Instruction Department, Educational Technology and Media Department, Educational Psychology and Guidance Department, Educational Research and Development Department, and Health Science and Sport Department. The following were criteria for consideration: 1) The Departments in the Faculty of Education, Mahasarakham University were selected by using the following criteria: The Department had more than 1 major field. The instructors had graduated from various educational institutes. There were continuous development activities, but KM had not been implemented together with work development, and the departments volunteered to participate in learning and developing work. As for the department secretary, all Divisions in the Faculty of Education were regarded as a team of participants as practitioners and 10 knowledge managers from all the Departments.
2) The Departments selected to conduct this study were Educational Administration Department with 2 major fields: Educational Administration major field and Non-formal Education major field with a total of 9 persons. 3. Phase 3 developed the KM model, divided into 2 stages. 1) Constructed a tentative model of KM in QA based on the research conceptual framework in terms of the scope of important activities for KM, according to the concepts of Nonaka & Takeuchi; Vicharn Phanich; and Wiig’s process of KM; and importantly, His Majesty King Bhumibol’s
13 Educational Journal of Thailand Vol. 2, No. 1 January - December 2008
principle of working involving participatory work performance and knowing, love, and unity. These principles were integrated into techniques of development to be a tentative KM model of QA of the Faculty of Education. The tentative model was then submitted to three experts for considering its appropriateness and possibility in practice and congruence with group development plans. 2) Tried out the tentative KM model of QA and imp
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