Regarding the workplace, Hofstede and Hofstede (2005) noted that "historically,
management is an Anglo-Saxon concept, developed in masculine British and American
cultures" (p. 143). They point out that the traditional American philosophy of leadership
"distinguished two dimensions: initiating structure versus consideration, or concern for
work versus concern for people. Both are equally necessary for the success of an
enterprise, but the optimal balance between the two differs for masculine and feminine
cultures" (p. 143). In masculine cultures, it is believed that conflict should be resolved by fighting, winning or losing, while in a feminine culture conflict is resolved through
compromise and negotiation (p. 143). The feminine workplace will reward more on a
basis of equality for everyone's needs, while masculine societies use equity to recognize
individual performance (p. 143). Hofstede and Hofstede found in their research that
industrial masculine countries do well in manufacturing, whereas feminine cultures
perform better in service industries as consulting, transport, high-end agriculture, and
biochemistry (p. 146).