Parking provision represents a major financial overhead, in terms of the additional land required, construction as well as its on-going maintenance and management.
This cost can be particularly high in densely developed areas of high commercial value such as business or retail centres. Meanwhile, subsidised parking favours car-based commuting and makes it difficult for alternative forms of transport to compete.
Where on-site parking is restricted, off-site parking by employees and visitors must be taken into consideration, including the impact of off-site parking on neighbouring organisations and residents.