Patients aged 15 years or older who were admitted to the
surgical department of Nakornping Hospital for severe
abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, or hemorrhage
due to gastric or duodenal ulcer perforation, and with signs
and symptoms of serious bleeding or intense abdominal pain,
were included in the study. Invariably, the definitive diagnosis
for PUP was obtained postoperation for the patients’ final
diagnosis of gastric or duodenal ulcer.