critical heat flux (CHF) establishes the upper limit of efficient heat removal. Although, numerous studies
have explored CHF, its exact mechanisms remain ambiguous. The hydrodynamic instability model is the
most prominent CHF model, but it fails to explain the evident dependence of CHF on surface properties.
The authors proposed modifying the hydrodynamic model to account for how nucleation site density
and finite heater size affect the CHF. The experimental CHF values obtained from evaluating various types
of surfaces qualitatively agreed with the predictions of the modified hydrodynamic model. This suggests
that the CHFs on these surfaces were due to the hydrodynamic limit