Increases in IEL
populations have been related to intestinal inflammation processes
[58], although recently it has also been demonstrated that probiotics
such as L. rhamnosus can enhance IELs populations [42].
Inulin increased the number of IELs in sea bream (though perhaps
also as a consequence of an inflammation process), while no effect
was observed in either the IELs number with B. subtilis diet supplementation
or in the number of leucocytes present in the lamina propria. New studies are needed to understand how pro- and
prebiotics can affect gut leucocyte infiltration