Practically all fatalities from eating poisonous mushrooms are caused byAmanita phalloides (Fig. 1) or closely related species. The toxins of this toadstool have been characterized, as have some of their biochemical effects. Recently, a comprehensive statistical analysis of clinical intoxications has allowed us to identify pharmacological antidotes whose use is associated with increased survival rates. Some other treatments, which have been frequently used in the past, have been shown to produce no improvement in survival rate.