The paper is organized as follows. First, tariffs,
import quotas, and tariff rate quotas are discussed.
Then, a series of non-tariff barriers to trade are
examined, including voluntary export restraints,
technical barriers to trade, domestic content
regulations, import licensing, the operations of import
State Trading Enterprises (STEs), and exchange rate
management policies. Finally, the precautionary
principle, an environment-related rationale for trade
restrictions, and sanitary and phytosanitary barriers to
trade are discussed.