A highly wettable electrode is more effective for continuous
treatment system due to fast adsorption/desorption rates.
For applications of water softening, it is needed to have
appropriate pore size and structure with highly accessible
mesopores and branched micropores.
During continuous CDI operation, higher removal efficiency
of Ca and Mg was observed rather than Na. Furthermore,
substitution of Na by divalent ions was observed due to
a higher selectivity of the divalent ions.