eligible students who did not use a computer chose not to participate, but this would appear to be an unlikely explanation. More students
used a laptop than a desktop, and more than half reported not using a desktop at all. Desktop computers are available to the students on
campus but were used to a lesser extent than may be expected. The barriers to use of desktop computers were not investigated here, but
not using a desktop may simply be a personal choice or it may be due to inadequate availability or access. The pattern of use of desktop
computers is in stark contrast to the findings of Noack-Cooper et al. (2009) and Hamilton et al. (2005) who reported that desktop use was
more prevalent than laptop use. The different results may be due to the populations under investigation or may be due to a recent increase
in the use of laptops that is reflected in the current study that may not have always been evident in the earlier studies. Smith et al.
(2009) reported that between the years of 2006 and 2009 the ownership of a laptop by university students increased from 65.4% to 88.3%
whilst desktop ownership decreased from 71% to 44%, demonstrating the shift towards laptop use. Whilst the students' use of tablets or
other hand held devices such as mobile phones was beyond the remit of the current study, the authors acknowledge that use of such
devices may potentially contribute to musculoskeletal symptoms. A study by Sandholzer, Rurik, Deutsch, and Frese (2014) reported that
64.2% of fourth year students in a German medical school owned a smart phone and 22.5% owned a tablet computer, and Berolo Wells, &
Amick (2011) suggested a relationship between the use of mobile hand-held devices and musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck and
upper extremity. Further research investigating musculoskeletal symptoms that is inclusive of the use of all types of information technology
devices is required.
eligible students who did not use a computer chose not to participate, but this would appear to be an unlikely explanation. More studentsused a laptop than a desktop, and more than half reported not using a desktop at all. Desktop computers are available to the students oncampus but were used to a lesser extent than may be expected. The barriers to use of desktop computers were not investigated here, butnot using a desktop may simply be a personal choice or it may be due to inadequate availability or access. The pattern of use of desktopcomputers is in stark contrast to the findings of Noack-Cooper et al. (2009) and Hamilton et al. (2005) who reported that desktop use wasmore prevalent than laptop use. The different results may be due to the populations under investigation or may be due to a recent increasein the use of laptops that is reflected in the current study that may not have always been evident in the earlier studies. Smith et al.(2009) reported that between the years of 2006 and 2009 the ownership of a laptop by university students increased from 65.4% to 88.3%whilst desktop ownership decreased from 71% to 44%, demonstrating the shift towards laptop use. Whilst the students' use of tablets orother hand held devices such as mobile phones was beyond the remit of the current study, the authors acknowledge that use of suchdevices may potentially contribute to musculoskeletal symptoms. A study by Sandholzer, Rurik, Deutsch, and Frese (2014) reported that64.2% ของนักศึกษาปีสี่ในโรงเรียนการแพทย์เยอรมันเจ้าของสมาร์ทโฟนและ 22.5% เป็นเจ้าของคอมพิวเตอร์แท็บเล็ต และ Berolo บ่อ &ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการใช้โทรศัพท์มือถือมือถือและโรคคอ musculoskeletal แนะนำ Amick (2011) และส่วนต้น วิจัยตรวจสอบ musculoskeletal อาการที่รวมการใช้ทุกประเภทของเทคโนโลยีสารสนเทศ ต่อไปจำเป็นต้องใช้อุปกรณ์
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