Nanotube structures have attracted tremendous attention in recent years in many applications. Among such
nanotube structures, titania nanotubes (TiO2) have received paramount attention in the medical domain due
to their unique properties, represented by high corrosion resistance, good mechanical properties, high specific
surface area, aswell as great cell proliferation, adhesion and mineralization. Although lot of research has been reported
in developing optimized titaniumnanotube structures for different medical applications, however there is
a lack of unified literature source that could provide information about the key parameters and experimental
conditions required to develop such optimized structure. This paper addresses this gap, by focussing on the fabrication
of TiO2 nanotubes through anodization process on both pure titanium and titanium alloys substrates to
exploit the biocompatibility and electrical conductivity aspects, critical factors for many medical applications
from implants to in-vivo and in-vitro living cell studies. It is shown that the morphology of TiO2 directly impacts
the biocompatibility aspects of the titaniumin terms of cell proliferation, adhesion and mineralization. Similarly,
TiO2 nanotube wall thickness of 30–40 nmhas shown to exhibit improved electrical behaviour, a critical factor in
brain mapping and behaviour investigations if such nanotubes are employed as micro–nano-electrodes.