Any research involving humans or nonhumans immediately introduces questions of ethics the research situation automatically places the scientist in a position of control over the individuals participating in the study However subjects physically emotionally or psychologically on the contrary the relative power of the researcher versus the participant or subject means that the researcher has a responsibility to ensure the safety and the dignity of the participants committees such as the institutional review board (IRB)which reviews research involving human participants and the institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC)which reviews research with nonhuman subjects assist researchers in meeting their ethical responsibilities these committees examine all proposed research with respect to treatment of humans and nonhumans details concerning the safe treatment of humans and nonhumans in research are discussed in sections 3.2and 3.3 respectively