The most frequently reported MSD in farmers and farm workers were located in the lower back (50% and
43%, respectively) and the shoulders (47% and 43%, respectively). MSD were also frequently reported in the neck
(33%) among farmers, and in the hands/wrist (41%) among farm workers. MSD in the elbows (23%) and feet (21%)
were significantly more frequently reported by farmers than farm workers (5%). Female farmers and farm workers
both reported significantly higher frequencies of MSD in the neck (48% and 56%, respectively) and hands/wrists
(44% and 61%, respectively) than their male colleagues (24% and 5%; 10% and 21%, respectively). In addition, female
farm workers had significantly higher reported frequencies of MSD in the upper and lower back (39% and 61%,
respectively) than their male counterparts (5% and 26%, respectively). Milking was perceived as a weakly to
moderately physically demanding work task. Repetitive and monotonous work in dairy houses was the ergonomic
work factor most frequently reported as causing physically discomfort among farmers (36%) and farm workers (32%),
followed by lifting heavy objects (17% and 27%, respectively). Female workers had significantly more reported
discomfort from repetitive and monotonous work than their male counterparts (50% and 16%, respectively).