In Japan, where the aging society is progressing due to depopulation, many researchers have suggested that urban planning should consider an intensive urban structure, such as the “compact city”, as the future vision of an aging society. Some local governments established land use policy to realize an intensive urban structure in an urban master plan (MP). Japan experiences a high risk of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, and typhoons. For disaster mitigation, each municipality develops a plan to minimize potential damage, which includes emergency activities and countermeasures for immediate implementation after a disaster. In addition, the central government urges local governments to create an urban disaster mitigation plan, which combines urban planning with disaster mitigation planning and it is included in the MP, for cities with a high resistance to natural disasters.