The study, published in the journal Marine Mammal Science, also found that at least six of these songs were shared among travelling members of the group.
Using underwater microphones called hydrophones, the team recorded songs at two locations and found 12 unique songs (listen below) from 32 individuals.
A previous study recorded a greater number of 66 unique songs, but over a much longer period of one year.
While other species such as the humpback, sperm, and blue whale also sing, it is the bowhead that appears to have the greatest number and diversity of songs.
Such insights have come only recently, as the remote Arctic habitat of the bowhead whale, covered with thick sea ice through much of the year, makes them extremely difficult to observe.