As clinicians continue to expand their role beyond provider of care to decision-making bodies and
committees, it is imperative that they have a broader understanding of HE, EE and decision-making
processes in order assist policy and decision-makers in making the best use of our available health care
resources. In this regard, continued education is needed for frontline clinicians about basic economic
principles like scarcity and limitation of resources and that in a constrained health care system every
decision made by the clinician for every patient they treat has an opportunity cost in terms of what
cannot be done for another patient. Not only should training in HE and EE become a mandatory
component of education for all health care professionals, but HE and EE should also become a more
important component of continuing education (e.g. conferences, journals), re-certification programs
and practice guideline development.