The photosynthetic bacteria, which
perform incomplete photosynthesis an-
aerobically, are highly desirable, benefi-
cial soil microorganisms because they are
able to detoxify soils by transforming re-
duced, putrefactive substances such as
hydrogen sulfide into useful substrates.
This helps to ensure efficient utilization
of organic matter and to improve soil fer-
tility. Photosynthesis involves the photo-
catalyzed splitting of water which yields
molecular oxygen as a by-product. Thus,
these microorganisms help to provide a
vital source of oxygen to plant roots.
Reduced compounds such as meth-
ane and hydrogen sulfide are often pro-
duced when organic materials are decom-
posed under anaerobic conditions. These
compounds are toxic and can greatly sup-
press the activities of nitrogen-fixing mi-
croorganisms. However, if synthetic mi-
croorganisms, such as photosynthetic
bacteria that utilize reduced substances,
are present in the soil, oxygen deficien-
cies are not likely to occur. Thus, nitro-
gen-fixing microorganisms, coexisting in
the soil with photosynthetic bacteria, can
function effectively in fixing atmospheric
nitrogen even under anaerobic conditions.
Photosynthetic bacteria not only per-
form photosynthesis but can also fix ni-
trogen. Moreover, it has been shown that,
when they coexist in soil with species of
Azotobacter, their ability to fix nitrogen is
enhanced. This then is an example of a
synthetic soil. It also suggests that by rec-
ognizing the role, function, and mutual
compatibility of these two bacteria and
utilizing them effectively to their full po-
tential, soils can be induced to a greater
synthetic capacity. Perhaps the most effec-
tive synthetic soil system results from the
enhancement of zymogenic and synthetic
microorganisms; this allows fermentation
to become dominant over putrefaction and
useful synthetic processes to proceed.
Classification of Soils
The photosynthetic bacteria, whichperform incomplete photosynthesis an-aerobically, are highly desirable, benefi-cial soil microorganisms because they areable to detoxify soils by transforming re-duced, putrefactive substances such ashydrogen sulfide into useful substrates.This helps to ensure efficient utilizationof organic matter and to improve soil fer-tility. Photosynthesis involves the photo-catalyzed splitting of water which yieldsmolecular oxygen as a by-product. Thus,these microorganisms help to provide avital source of oxygen to plant roots.Reduced compounds such as meth-ane and hydrogen sulfide are often pro-duced when organic materials are decom-posed under anaerobic conditions. Thesecompounds are toxic and can greatly sup-press the activities of nitrogen-fixing mi-croorganisms. However, if synthetic mi-croorganisms, such as photosyntheticbacteria that utilize reduced substances,are present in the soil, oxygen deficien-cies are not likely to occur. Thus, nitro-gen-fixing microorganisms, coexisting inthe soil with photosynthetic bacteria, canfunction effectively in fixing atmosphericnitrogen even under anaerobic conditions.Photosynthetic bacteria not only per-form photosynthesis but can also fix ni-trogen. Moreover, it has been shown that,when they coexist in soil with species ofAzotobacter, their ability to fix nitrogen isenhanced. This then is an example of asynthetic soil. It also suggests that by rec-ognizing the role, function, and mutualcompatibility of these two bacteria andutilizing them effectively to their full po-tential, soils can be induced to a greatersynthetic capacity. Perhaps the most effec-tive synthetic soil system results from theenhancement of zymogenic and syntheticmicroorganisms; this allows fermentationto become dominant over putrefaction anduseful synthetic processes to proceed.Classification of Soils
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