Erosive wear is a unique type of wear phenomenon. The particles
or grits are driven by gaseous or fluidic media to generate kinetic en-
ergy, which the hard particles encounter on the substrate surface
within a short time to remove material by particle collision [1]. Ero-
sive wear causes considerable damage to machinery equipment or
parts, e.g., blast machines in mining and cement factories transport
substances that contain large amounts of particles and impurities.
Under the driving force of air stream, these solid particles cause sub-
stantial erosive wear to the blades of turbines, pipes, and other com-
ponents, thereby reducing their lifetime [2,3].
Numerous studies have discussed the erosion mechanisms of
various materials used in erosive wear research. The erosive wear of
ductile materials is caused by mechanical micro-cutting and plastic
deformation [4–6]. For alloys or ceramic materials, the material sur-
face encounters the particles and forms cracks at the normal impact
angle. When these cracks propagate into the grain or interface be-
tween the matrix and strengthening phase, and link to other cracks
to form an enclosed area, peeling occurs and causes considerable ma-
terial wear [7–9].
Surface modification is a method for improving erosion resistance
for a material. The thermal spray processes exhibit a remarkable effect