Game theory is a collection of mathematical models to study situations of confhct and/or cooperation. It attempts to abstract out those elements that are common to many conflicting and/or cooperatwe encounters and to analyse these mathematically. Its goal is to explain, or to provide a normative guide for, rational behavlour of individuals confronted with strategic decisions or involved m socml interaction. The theory is concerned with opttmal strategic behaviour, equilibrium situations, stable outcomes, bargaining, coahtion for- matlon, equitable allocations, and similar concepts related to resolvmg group &fferences The prevalence of competition m many human activities has made game theory a fundamental modeling approach in such diversified areas as economics, poht~cal science, operations research, and mdltary planning