Applications of all four methods (or slight variations of them)were identified in operation across one or more points of time
in all the countries considered, OECD (2013) groups the first two categories in the “Flat charge” category, reflecting that status of waste charges by 2011 in eleven different OECD member states, Brown and Johnstone (2014) within the eleven countries selected those four with the relevant variable fee system (Table 1)– called Pay As You Throw (PAYT) – presence (Switzerland 52%,The Netherlands 12%, Sweden 8% and Canada 6%)