As the oldest of the original companies, Siber & Brennwald was founded in 1865. Eduard Anton Keller joined in 1868 C. Lutz & Co., which was founded 1866 in Manila, and renamed this enterprise into Ed. A. Keller & Co. after the acquisition in the year 1887. In a similar manner, Wilhelm Heinrich Diethelm joined in 1871 Hooglandt & Co., Singapore, established in 1860, acquired the company in 1887 and founded Diethelm & Co. Ltd. in Singapore.[7]