Manchuria was the land of the Manchus and became part of China only when the Manchus captured Beijing and deposed the Ming emperor in the mid-17th century. The revolution of 1911 deposed the last Manchu (Ching) emperor, the child Pu Yi. In the 1931 Japan took control of Manchuria and set up the puppet state of Manchukuo under the nominal rule of the formr Ching emperor Pu Yi. The Japanese undertook to industrialize Manchukuo as part of the Japanese Empire. Shenyang under the original name of Mukden was the major city of Manchuria and it was there that much of the industrial investment from Japan was installed. After World War II and the Communist victory in China Mao Zedong decided to build upon the industrial base installed by the Japanese in Manchuria. Mao aim to make Manchuria and Mukden, now called Shenyang ("spirit of the sun"), the industrial heartland of China. A substantial part of the investment in heavy industry and machine tools that the Mao government could muster was put in Shenyang.