1985 - Houston Natural Gas merges with InterNorth to form Enron, HNG CEO Kenneth Lay becomes CEO of combined company the following year.
1989 - Enron begins trading natural gas commodities.
1990 - Lay hires Jeffrey Skilling to lead the company's effort to focus on commodities trading in the deregulated markets. Andrew S. Fastow is one of Skilling's first hires later that year.
1991 - Richard Causey leaves Arthur Andersen LLP to join Enron as assistant controller.
1997 - Skilling named president and chief operating officer of Enron. Fastow creates Chewco, a partnership, to buy the University of California pension fund's stake in another joint venture dubbed JEDI, but Chewco doesn't meet requirements to be kept off Enron's balance sheet. First step toward similar financial moves to hide debt and inflate profits that fuel Enron's downfall.
1998 - Fastow named finance chief.
1999- Causey named chief accounting officer. Fastow creates the first of two partnerships, LJM, purported to "buy" poorly performing Enron assets and hedge risky investments but really helps the company hide debt and inflate profits. Enron directors approve Fastow's plan that he run the partnerships that do deals with Enron while continuing as Enron's finance chief. Causey and former chief risk officer Rick Buy assigned to monitor such deals to protect Enron's interests.
August 2000 - Enron shares reach high of $90.
December 2000 - Enron announces that Skilling, then president and chief operating officer, will succeed Kenneth Lay as CEO in February 2001. Lay will remain as chairman. Stock hits 52-week high of $84.87.
2001:
Aug. 14 - Skilling resigns; Lay named CEO again.
Aug. 22 - Finance executive Sherron Watkins meets privately with Lay to discuss concerns of murky finance and accounting that could ruin the company.
Oct. 16 - Enron announces $638 million in third-quarter losses and a $1.2 billion reduction in shareholder equity stemming from writeoffs related to failed broadband and water trading ventures as well as unwinding of so-called Raptors, or fragile entities backed by falling Enron stock created to hedge inflated asset values and keep hundreds of millions of dollars in debt off the energy company's books.
Oct. 19 - Securities and Exchange Commission launches inquiry into Enron finances.
Oct. 22 - Enron acknowledges SEC inquiry into a possible conflict of interest related to the company's dealings with Fastow's partnerships. Lay says, "We will cooperate fully with the SEC and look forward to the opportunity to put any concern about these transactions to rest."
Oct. 23 - Lay professes confidence in Fastow to analysts.
Oct. 24 - Fastow ousted.
Nov. 5 - Enron treasurer Ben Glisan Jr. and in-house attorney Kristina Mordaunt fired for investing in Fastow-run partnership.
Each invested $5,800 in 2001 and received a $1 million return a few weeks later.
Nov. 8 - Enron files documents with SEC revising its financial statements for previous five years to account for $586 million in losses.
Nov. 9 - Dynegy Inc. announces an agreement to buy Enron for more than $8 billion in stock.
Nov. 19 - Enron restates its third-quarter earnings and discloses a $690 million debt is due Nov. 27.
Nov. 28 - Enron stock plunges below $1 as Dynegy Inc. aborts its plan to buy its former rival.
Dec. 2 - Enron goes bankrupt, thousands of workers laid off.
2002:
Jan. 9 - Justice Department confirms it has begun a criminal investigation of Enron.
Jan. 10 - The White House discloses Lay sought help from two Cabinet members shortly before the company collapsed, but neither offered aid. The company's auditor, Arthur Andersen LLP, says it has destroyed tons of Enron documents.
Jan. 23 - Lay resigns as chairman and CEO.
Jan. 25 - Cliff Baxter, former head of Enron's trading unit and later vice president before his resignation in May 2001, found dead of a self-inflicted gunshot wound.
Feb. 4 - Lay resigns from the board.
Feb. 7 - Skilling, Fastow, Michael Kopper appear at Congress with McMahon and in-house Enron lawyer Jordan Mintz. Skilling testifies; Fastow and Kopper invoke Fifth Amendment rights.
Feb. 12 - Lay invokes Fifth Amendment at a Senate hearing after expressing "profound sadness" at Enron's collapse.
March 14 - Former Enron auditor Arthur Andersen LLP indicted for destroying Enron-related documents to thwart investigators.
April 9 - David Duncan, Andersen's former top Enron auditor, pleads guilty to obstruction for instructing his staff to destroy documents as per company policy.
June 15 - Andersen convicted.
Aug. 21 - Former top Fastow aide Michael Kopper pleads guilty to money laundering and conspiracy, the first ex-Enron executive to strike a deal with prosecutors. He identifies a string of partnerships designed to falsely portray Enron as financially healthy while enriching him, Fastow and others.
Sept. 12 - Three former National Westminster Bank bankers indicted for wire fraud for siphoning off millions of dollars in
ปี 1985 - ก๊าซธรรมชาติฮุสตันผสานกับ InterNorth แบบมี HNG CEO Kenneth เลย์กลายเป็น ซีอีโอของบริษัทรวมกันปีต่อไป1989 - มีเริ่มเทรดสินค้าโภคภัณฑ์ก๊าซธรรมชาติ1990 - เลย์เช่าเจฟฟรีย์สร้างทักษะเพื่อนำไปสู่ความพยายามของบริษัทจะเน้นสินค้าที่ซื้อขายในตลาด deregulated แอนดรู S. Fastow เป็นของสร้างทักษะแรกเช่าต่อปีอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่ง1991 - ริชาร์ด Causey ใบ LLP แอนเดอร์ Arthur เข้าร่วมมีเป็นผู้ช่วยควบคุม1997 - สร้างทักษะชื่อประธานและประธานเจ้าหน้าที่ปฏิบัติการของมี Fastow สร้าง Chewco หุ้นส่วน การซื้อของกองทุนบำนาญมหาวิทยาลัยแคลิฟอร์เนียถือหุ้นในกิจการอื่นขนานนามว่าเจได แต่ Chewco ไม่ตรงตามข้อกำหนดในการเก็บของมีดุล ขั้นตอนคล้ายการเงินย้ายไปซ่อนหนี้ และพองแรกกำไรการล่มสลายของที่มีน้ำมันเชื้อเพลิง1998 - Fastow ชื่อหัวหน้าการเงิน1999 - causey ชื่อบัญชีประธาน Fastow สร้างครั้งแรกของสองพันธมิตร LJM, purported "ซื้อ" สินทรัพย์มีประสิทธิภาพดีและป้องกันความเสี่ยงการลงทุนมีความเสี่ยง แต่จริง ๆ แล้วช่วยบริษัทซ่อนหนี้ และขยายผลกำไร มีกรรมการอนุมัติแผนของ Fastow ที่วิ่งร่วมทำข้อเสนอมีขณะเป็นหัวหน้าการเงินของมี เจ้าหน้าที่ causey และอดีตหัวหน้าด้านริคซื้อให้ตรวจสอบข้อตกลงดังกล่าวเพื่อปกป้องผลประโยชน์ของมี2000 สิงหาคม - มีหุ้นถึงสูง $ 90December 2000 - Enron announces that Skilling, then president and chief operating officer, will succeed Kenneth Lay as CEO in February 2001. Lay will remain as chairman. Stock hits 52-week high of $84.87.2001:Aug. 14 - Skilling resigns; Lay named CEO again.Aug. 22 - Finance executive Sherron Watkins meets privately with Lay to discuss concerns of murky finance and accounting that could ruin the company.Oct. 16 - Enron announces $638 million in third-quarter losses and a $1.2 billion reduction in shareholder equity stemming from writeoffs related to failed broadband and water trading ventures as well as unwinding of so-called Raptors, or fragile entities backed by falling Enron stock created to hedge inflated asset values and keep hundreds of millions of dollars in debt off the energy company's books.Oct. 19 - Securities and Exchange Commission launches inquiry into Enron finances.Oct. 22 - Enron acknowledges SEC inquiry into a possible conflict of interest related to the company's dealings with Fastow's partnerships. Lay says, "We will cooperate fully with the SEC and look forward to the opportunity to put any concern about these transactions to rest."Oct. 23 - Lay professes confidence in Fastow to analysts.Oct. 24 - Fastow ousted.Nov. 5 - Enron treasurer Ben Glisan Jr. and in-house attorney Kristina Mordaunt fired for investing in Fastow-run partnership.Each invested $5,800 in 2001 and received a $1 million return a few weeks later.Nov. 8 - Enron files documents with SEC revising its financial statements for previous five years to account for $586 million in losses.Nov. 9 - Dynegy Inc. announces an agreement to buy Enron for more than $8 billion in stock.Nov. 19 - Enron restates its third-quarter earnings and discloses a $690 million debt is due Nov. 27.Nov. 28 - Enron stock plunges below $1 as Dynegy Inc. aborts its plan to buy its former rival.Dec. 2 - Enron goes bankrupt, thousands of workers laid off.2002:Jan. 9 - Justice Department confirms it has begun a criminal investigation of Enron.Jan. 10 - The White House discloses Lay sought help from two Cabinet members shortly before the company collapsed, but neither offered aid. The company's auditor, Arthur Andersen LLP, says it has destroyed tons of Enron documents.Jan. 23 - Lay resigns as chairman and CEO.Jan. 25 - Cliff Baxter, former head of Enron's trading unit and later vice president before his resignation in May 2001, found dead of a self-inflicted gunshot wound.Feb. 4 - Lay resigns from the board.Feb. 7 - Skilling, Fastow, Michael Kopper appear at Congress with McMahon and in-house Enron lawyer Jordan Mintz. Skilling testifies; Fastow and Kopper invoke Fifth Amendment rights.Feb. 12 - Lay invokes Fifth Amendment at a Senate hearing after expressing "profound sadness" at Enron's collapse.March 14 - Former Enron auditor Arthur Andersen LLP indicted for destroying Enron-related documents to thwart investigators.April 9 - David Duncan, Andersen's former top Enron auditor, pleads guilty to obstruction for instructing his staff to destroy documents as per company policy.June 15 - Andersen convicted.Aug. 21 - Former top Fastow aide Michael Kopper pleads guilty to money laundering and conspiracy, the first ex-Enron executive to strike a deal with prosecutors. He identifies a string of partnerships designed to falsely portray Enron as financially healthy while enriching him, Fastow and others.Sept. 12 - Three former National Westminster Bank bankers indicted for wire fraud for siphoning off millions of dollars in
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..