The concentration of HCAs in grilled beef samples were analysed
using LC/MS and the range in control sample was 5.39 ± 0.40 to
43.52 ± 0.80 ng/g. The DiMeIQX has found in highest level with
Fig. 1. a: The effect of different concentrations of selected spices i.e. turmeric, curry leaves, torch ginger and lemon grass on meat. b: The effect of different concentrations of selected
spices i.e. turmeric, lemon grass, torch ginger and curry leaves on satay.
922 S. Jinap et al. / LWT - Food Science and Technology 63 (2015) 919e926
concentration 39.49 ± 0.98 43.52 ± 0.80 ng/g at medium (70 C)
and well doneness (80 C) treatments, respectively.
The effect on reduction of HCAs using local spices, turmeric,
lemongrass, torch ginger and curry leaves with concentration of
1e4 g/100 g for turmeric and 2.5e10 g/100 g for rest of the spices
were used to marinades beef samples. Fig. 2a, b, c and d represents
the reduction of HCAs in beef marinated at different concentration
of local spices at medium and well done doneness, respectively.
Fig. 2a shows that turmeric with 4 g/100 g concentration has shown
maximum reduction of IQ level (82 ng/100 g) in marinated beef
from 11.43 ± 0.53 to 2.05 ± 0.18 ng/g. However, 44.4 ng/100 g level
of IQ was reduced when beef was marinated with 10 g/100 g
lemongrass concentration i.e. from 11.43 ± 0.53 to 6.35 ± 0.46 ng/g
at medium doneness (Fig. 2b).