The public educators perceive the problem of gender and mathematics in terms of its
epistemological and socio-political basis, and even question the 'fact' of girls'
underachievement in mathematics. This reconceptualization of the problem is
supported by research, for prior to examinations at 16 + large scale achievement
testing does not show the superior achievement of boys unequivocally. For example,
the APU found little in terms of statistically significant differences favouring boys, at
age 11.