PSQ performs real-time sequencing of short DNA segments at a speed averaging 1 min per nucleotide. We adapted an existing platform (16) and developed an assay for rapid detection of XDR TB. The strengths of this study are as follows. (i) We included a target to identify MTBC, concurrent with drug resistance detection. This has not been done in most published PSQ studies, and it was an improvement over the recommendation for identification of MTBC prior to drug resistance detection made by Guo et al.