A taxonomic revision all Palaearctic species except the Japanese of the subgenus Nigrocheilosia (Diptera, Syrphidae: Cheilosia ) was conducted. Forty-five species were included, described, keyed and figured, and all available type material was studied. Four new species were described, and five names were synonymized. Important characters for species recognition were found in the composition, colour and length of hairs (macrohairs and microhairs, called pilosity and dusting) on all body parts; the shape, colour and size of the antenna and the shape of the male surstylus and superior lobe.
Molecular data was for the first time used to study the phylogenetic relationships of the hoverfly genus Cheilosia . The mitochondrial protein coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was chosen for sequencing. 1341 characters were obtained for 24 ingroup taxa and these were analysed with parsimony. COI was phylogenetically informative on generic, subgeneric and species levels. Current taxonomic division of Cheilosia into subgenera and species groups were found to be largely consistent with monophyletic groups identified in the molecular analysis.
The relationships within the family Syrphidae were for the first time studied using morphological and molecular characters in conjunction. The combined analysis used COI sequence data (1128 bp), characters of adult morphology and characters of immature morphology for 30 ingroup species. The incongruence length difference test showed that the three data sets were mutually highly incongruent. By combining these data sets, a tree with undisputably better resolution than in any of the separate analyses or their consensus, was obtained. The total evidence analysis was in agreement with many traditional classifications, but also proposed some interesting placements of groups with disputed placements. The results of the combined analysis proposes multiple origins of zoophagy (entomophagy) in Syrphidae, contrary to earlier hypothesis.
A taxonomic revision all Palaearctic species except the Japanese of the subgenus Nigrocheilosia (Diptera, Syrphidae: Cheilosia ) was conducted. Forty-five species were included, described, keyed and figured, and all available type material was studied. Four new species were described, and five names were synonymized. Important characters for species recognition were found in the composition, colour and length of hairs (macrohairs and microhairs, called pilosity and dusting) on all body parts; the shape, colour and size of the antenna and the shape of the male surstylus and superior lobe.Molecular data was for the first time used to study the phylogenetic relationships of the hoverfly genus Cheilosia . The mitochondrial protein coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) was chosen for sequencing. 1341 characters were obtained for 24 ingroup taxa and these were analysed with parsimony. COI was phylogenetically informative on generic, subgeneric and species levels. Current taxonomic division of Cheilosia into subgenera and species groups were found to be largely consistent with monophyletic groups identified in the molecular analysis.The relationships within the family Syrphidae were for the first time studied using morphological and molecular characters in conjunction. The combined analysis used COI sequence data (1128 bp), characters of adult morphology and characters of immature morphology for 30 ingroup species. The incongruence length difference test showed that the three data sets were mutually highly incongruent. By combining these data sets, a tree with undisputably better resolution than in any of the separate analyses or their consensus, was obtained. The total evidence analysis was in agreement with many traditional classifications, but also proposed some interesting placements of groups with disputed placements. The results of the combined analysis proposes multiple origins of zoophagy (entomophagy) in Syrphidae, contrary to earlier hypothesis.
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