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Asylum seekers: Migration remains a politically-sensitive issue
2010 August - Parliamentary elections fail to deliver a clear winner. Prime Minister Gillard clings to power after securing support of independents to form a minority government.
2011 January - Queensland is hit by floods which are described as the most expensive natural disaster in the country's history.
2011 December - Economy grows unexpectedly fast in the third quarter of 2011, driven by construction and mining. GDP rose 2.5% on the year, whereas analysts had expected 2.1%.
2012 January - Talks between government and opposition on asylum seekers break down. The opposition says the government fails to address concerns about a plan to swap refugees with Malaysia that the high court had declared unlawful.
2012 February - Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd resigns to mount a challenge to Prime Minister Gillard's leadership, but is defeated.
2012 July - Controversial carbon tax, which penalises big polluters, comes into force. Prime Minister Gillard says it is needed to meet climate change obligations; opponents say it will cost jobs and raise prices.
2012 August - Five Australian troops are killed in Afghanistan in what Prime Minister Gillard says is Australia's deadliest day in combat since the Vietnam War.
2012 September - After an independent panel recommends setting up holding centres in Nauru and Papua New Guinea to cope with rising numbers of asylum-seekers, the government says it will send the first group for processing in Nauru. Australia also signs an agreement with Papua New Guinea to conduct offshore processing on Manus Island.
2013 January - Labor Prime Minister Julia Gillard says elections will be held in September, hoping to use the long run-in to recoup support.
2013 March - A chaotic and abortive leadership challenge bounces Prime Minister Gillard into a major cabinet reshuffle to oust supporters of long-standing rival Kevin Rudd. The previous month the Greens dropped their alliance with Labor, but pledged to keep the government in power.
Gillard ousted
2013 June - After months of infighting, Kevin Rudd manages to oust Julia Gillard as Labor leader and prime minister in a parliamentary party vote.
2013 July - Australia reaches deal with Papua New Guinea that will allow it to ship asylum seekers arriving by boat onwards to its Pacific neighbour. Papua New Guinea will receive generous aid in return, and the offshore processing centre on PNG's Manus Island will be significantly expanded to hold up to 3,000 people.
2013 September - Parliamentary elections. Landslide victory for Liberal-National Coalition, led by Tony Abbott.
2013 December - Iconic car maker Holden announces that it will stop making cars in Australia by the end of 2017.
2014 March - Australia takes a leading role in search for missing Malaysian Airlines plane MH370, thought to have been lost in the southern Indian Ocean.
Australia reintroduces the appointment of knights and dames after discontinuing the honour in 1986.
2014 April - New South Wales Premier Barry O'Farrell resigns after it emerges that he failed to declare an expensive bottle of wine given to him as a gift.
Royal tour by the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge. Crowd turnout is said to be smaller than for previous royal visits, but opinion polls show increased support for the monarchy.
Japan and Australia reach an agreement over a trade deal that will lower tariffs between the two nations.
Hostages escape during Sydney cafe siege
The Lindt Cafe siege happened at a time Australia was on guard against Islamist threats
2014 September - Australia says it is sending 600 troops to the Middle East ahead of possible combat operations against Islamic State (IS) militants in Iraq.
Police carry out the nation's biggest ever counter-terrorism raids, with 15 arrests in Sydney and Brisbane, sparked by intelligence reports that Islamic extremists were planning random killings.
2014 December - Gunman holds several people hostage in a Sydney cafe, during a siege followed by TV viewers world-wide. Police eventually storm the cafe. Three people die, including the hostage-taker, a man on bail.