Because of the low volumetric energy density of H2, its distribution for energy use is rather
expensive and energy-intensive. Investment and pumping-power requirements are greater than for natural gas.
Large-scale H2 distribution by pipeline adds $1-$2/GJ to H2 production costs. Distribution of liquid H2 is more
costly ($7-$10/GJ) as energy is needed for liquefaction at -253°C. Refueling stations may add $3-$9/GJ to H2 costs.