Results and discussions3.1. Weld qualityThe joining of dissimilar materials is quite a complex phe-nomenon. Generally, it is subjected to various weld defects such asporosities, micro-cracks and incomplete penetration. Hence, it wasnecessary to inspect weld quality for the existence of any porosity,micro-cracks and other defects before further characterization. Theintegrity of welds was examined visually and radiographically anddepicted in Fig. 2a–c for GTAW process at high, medium and lowwelding speeds respectively, whereas Fig. 2d–f depicted for SMAWprocess at high, medium and low welding speeds respectively.Full penetration welds were obtained in all three combinations ofwelding speed for both GTAW and SMAW processes without anyincomplete bonding, cracks, voids and other defects.