The majority of industrial catalysts are heterogeneous solids, comprised of a high
surface area support, which anchors small particles of an active metal and at times
various other types of promoter elements. Heterogeneous catalytic processes are utilized
in over 90% of industrial processes that use catalysts, are the mainstay of the chemical
industry, leading to substantial advancements effectively and environmentally. Over the
past several decades, catalysis researchers have been committed to the development and