The nitrogen (N) efficiency in both peanut and maize plants also improves [14]. Moreover, intercropping greatly enhances Fe and Zn concentrations in the seeds of peanut [12].Over the past decade, progress has been made in our understanding of the physiological basis of the maize/ peanut intercropping system. However, to our knowledge, the ecological significance of this intercropping practice has not been reported at amolecular level. Proteomic analyses provide a powerful tool to address the biochemical and physiological aspects of plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses [15]