This account of mathematical knowledge is essentially that which has been accepted for almost 2,500 years. Early presentations of mathematical knowledge, such as Euclid’s Elements, difter from the above account only by degree. In Euclid, as above, mathematical knowledge is established by the logical deduction of theorems from axioms and postulates (which we include among the axioms). The underlying logic is left unspecified (other than the statement of some axioms concerning the equality relation). The axioms are not regarded as temporarily adopted assumptions, held only for the construction of the theory under consideration. The axioms are considered to be basic truths which needed no justification, beyond their own self evidence (Blanche, 1966).Because of this, the account claims to provide certain grounds for mathematical knowledge. For since logical proof preserves truth and the assumed axioms are self-evident truths, then any theorems derived from them must also be truths (this reasoning is implicit, not explicit in Euclid). However, this claim is no longer accepted because Euclid’s axioms and postulates are not considered to bebasic and incontrovertible truths, none of which can be negated or denied without resulting in contradiction. In fact, the denial of some of them, most notably the Parallcl Postulate, merely leads to other bodies of geometric knowledge (non - euclidean geometry)