Surveys of teenagers reveal that 15% of 8th graders and 27% of 12th graders have used illicit drugs within the last 30 days (Johnson et al., 1999). Adoles-cent substance abuse is a serious problem and comor- bid with other serious problems such as conduct disor-ders, mental illness, delinquency, and violence (Reid & Eddy, 1997). Children at the greatest risk of engag¬ing in substance abuse or delinquent acts in adoles¬cence are those who exhibit oppositional defiant dis¬order (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) at a young age. (Hereafter in this study these ODD/CD problems will be referred to as conduct problems because al¬though young children are most likely to be diagnosed with ODD, young children also exhibit the aggres¬sive and antisocial features listed in the DSM-IV cri¬teria for the diagnoses of CD, but are not old enough 'Parenting Clinic, School of Nursing, Parent and Child Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.