Many managers equate fairness with voice – with giving everyone a chance to express his own views. They doggedly work their way around the table, getting every one’s input. However, voice is not nearly as important as consideration – people’s belief that the leader actively listened to them during the discussions and weighed their views carefully before reaching a decision. In his 1999 book, Only the Paranoid Survive, Intel’s chairman Andy Grove describes how he explains the distinction to his middle managers: “Your criterion for involvement should be that you’re heard and understood…..All sides cannot prevail in the debate, but all opinions have value in shaping the right answer.”