P14 pottery indicates that at the beginning of the formation of Yangshao culture, Neolithic culture in the Loess Plateau already has contacts and exchanges with the Microlithic
culture in QTP. This initial cultural exchange occurred at 7e6 Cal ka BP, and local Neolithic culture in the QTP rapidly developed after 6 Cal ka BP. The pottery P14 and the painted piece in JXG2 should not have been locally made, but from the Yangshao culture in the
Loess Plateau possibly through trading. Environmental records showed that Holocene megathermal peak period was at about 7 ka in the study area (Liu et al., 2012). Thus, favourable (warm and
humid) natural environment triggered agricultural growers to migrate from the lower elevation of the Loess Plateau to the QTP.