The series resistance, connected in series with the electric load, linearly changes its value with a change in the
temperature. For all different types of PV modules, an increase in the temperature level gradually increased thecorresponding series resistance because of the decreased mobility in the PV cell material. Although the voltage drop
decreased because of the current, the effect of temperature on series resistance increased the power loss. The impact
of series resistance on the performance of PV modules reduced the fill factor and short circuit current, but did not
affect the open circuit voltage. The PV module’s power output was inversely proportional to the series resistance
parameter; both varied with the effect of another parameter. In general, the series resistance value is low. Under
particular conditions such as rise in the temperature on PV modules, these values increase. The Yingli 3 kW
(practical) only exhibits a maximum level of the series resistance compared with the other conditions and
specifications of the PV module ratings is shown in fig.4. In addition to these PV modules, the resistances of the
remaining modules were estimated using Lambert W functions. All theoretically estimated series resistance values
were within the range only.