can signal either status or power depending on whether
network relations involve either deference or resource
flows (see Magee and Galinsky 2008, p. 359). Advice
networks that are highly centralized feature clear pecking
orders and stratification of status and power.
When individuals perceive advice networks to be
highly centralized, they anticipate the familiar network
pattern of a star with ties radiating out to others from
the central actor. This image of a dominant actor at
the center of the network matches prototypes of men
leaders as controlling and dominant (Eagly and Karau
2002, Schein 1973), with high status and power (Eagly
and Steffen 1984). Because power and status differences
between individuals are particularly salient in centralized
networks, such contexts are likely to cue an expectation
of a male leader. Indeed, networks in which informal
power is perceived to be centralized in one or a
few individuals resemble the traditional, formal structures
of command-and-control that are associated with
male stereotypes about leadership (Schein 1973). These
hierarchical structures are readily perceived (Zitek and
Tiedens 2012) and tend to reinforce male gender stereotypes,
thereby placing men at an advantage over women
(Acker 1990).
can signal either status or power depending on whethernetwork relations involve either deference or resourceflows (see Magee and Galinsky 2008, p. 359). Advicenetworks that are highly centralized feature clear peckingorders and stratification of status and power.When individuals perceive advice networks to behighly centralized, they anticipate the familiar networkpattern of a star with ties radiating out to others fromthe central actor. This image of a dominant actor atthe center of the network matches prototypes of menleaders as controlling and dominant (Eagly and Karau2002, Schein 1973), with high status and power (Eaglyand Steffen 1984). Because power and status differencesbetween individuals are particularly salient in centralizednetworks, such contexts are likely to cue an expectationof a male leader. Indeed, networks in which informalpower is perceived to be centralized in one or afew individuals resemble the traditional, formal structuresof command-and-control that are associated withmale stereotypes about leadership (Schein 1973). Thesehierarchical structures are readily perceived (Zitek andTiedens 2012) and tend to reinforce male gender stereotypes,thereby placing men at an advantage over women(Acker 1990).
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