A 4-point Likert scale (0–3; not stressful to extremely stressful) is to measure the intensity of stress associated with each item. A total stress score is obtained by summing responses to the 32 items, with a possible range of scores form 0–96. Clinical and academic stress sub-scale scores can be obtained by summing the relevant item scores. Cronbach’s alpha for the overall scale for this study was 0.885.