It is clear that globalisation has

It is clear that globalisation has failed to rid the world of poverty. Rather than being an unstoppable force for development, globalisation now seems more like an economic temptress, promising riches to everyone but only delivering to the few. Although global average per capita income rose strongly throughout the 20th century, the income gap between rich and poor countries has been widening for many decades. Globalisation has not worked.
The reason globalisation has not worked is because there has not been enough of it. If countries, including the rich industrialised ones, got rid of all their protectionist measures, everyone would benefit from the resulting increase in international trade: it's simple economics. If unnecessary government regulation can be eliminated, and investors and corporations can act freely, the result will be an overall increase in prosperity as the "invisible hand" of the market does its work.

Tell that to countries that have followed this route. I doubt many people in Argentina would agree. Many developing countries have done exactly what free market evangelists such as the International Monetary Fund told them to and have failed to see the benefits. The truth is that no industrialised society developed through such policies. American businesses were protected from foreign competition in the 19th century, as were companies in more recent "success stories" such as South Korea. Faith in the free market contradicts history and statistical evidence.

You're looking at the wrong statistics. In most cases, low-income countries are the ones that have not been able to integrate with the global economy as quickly as others, partly because of their chosen policies and partly because of factors outside their control. The plain truth is that no country, least of all the poorest, can afford to remain isolated from the world economy.

Even if this were true, what about the other unwanted effects of globalisation? The power of corporations and the global financial markets adversely affect the sovereignty of countries by limiting governments' ability to determine tax and exchange rate policies as well as their ability to impose regulations on companies' behaviour. Countries are now involved in a "race to the bottom" to attract and retain investment; multinational corporations are taking advantage of this to employ sweatshop labour and then skim off huge profits while paying very little tax.

First, governments' sovereignty has not been compromised. The power of the biggest corporations is nothing compared with that of government. Can a company raise taxes or an army? No. Second, nations are not involved in a "race to the bottom". Figures last year showed that governments around the world are on average collecting slightly more taxes in real terms than they were 10 years earlier. And the argument that workers in poorer countries are being exploited is hard to support. They are clearly better off working for multinationals. If they weren't, they wouldn't work for them. In fact research shows that wages paid by foreign firms to workers in poorer countries are about double the local manufacturing wage.

But what about these so-called multilateral organisations like the IMF, World Bank and World Trade Organisation? I don't remember electing them, so what gives them the right to say how countries run their own affairs? Isn't it obvious that these organisations only serve the interests of the US and to a lesser extent the other rich countries? Their only role is to peddle the neoliberal orthodoxy - the Washington consensus - that only impoverishes the poorest nations and maximises the profits of multinationals.

It is only through organisations such as these that the less developed countries have a chance to improve their situations. The IMF is there to bail out countries that get into financial difficulties. Governments go to the IMF because the alternative is much worse. If the IMF and its sister organisation, the World Bank, were shut down, the flow of resources to developing countries would diminish, leaving the developing world even worse off. The WTO is a different kind of organisation and is run on a one-country-one-vote basis with no regard for the economic power of each nation; every single member has a veto. In addition, no country can be compelled to obey a WTO rule that it opposed in the first place.

ผลลัพธ์ (ม้ง) 1:

Nws yog tseeb tias globalisation muaj tejyam kom ntiaj teb cov neeg txom nyem. Es muab ib tug quab yuam unstoppable rau txoj kev loj hlob, globalisation tam sim no nkawd tshaj li tus temptress economic, pheej riches rau sawv daws tiam sis tsuas yog delivering mus rau ob peb. Txawm tias ntiaj teb no per capita nyiaj nruab nrab sawv xav thoob plaws hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, kis nyiaj ntawm tus nplua nuj thiab txom nyem lub teb chaws muaj tau widening rau ntau caum lub xyoos. Globalisation twb tsis ua haujlwm.Lub globalisation twb tsis ua hauj lwm mas yog vim muaj mob tsis tau pom nws txaus. Yog hais tias lub teb chaws, xws li tus industrialised yuav nplua nuj, tau tua ntawm tag nrho cov protectionist kev ntsuas, sawv daws yuav tau los qhov resulting nce nyob rau hauv trade thoob ntiaj teb: nws yog economics yooj yim. Yog ruaj tsoom fwv cov kev cai thiaj yuav eliminated, thiab investors thiab corporations yuav ua dawb do, tus yuav ua kom tag nrho rau txoj kev vam meej li "pom tes" ntawm lub lag luam yog cov chaw ua hauj lwm.Qhia tias mus rau lub teb chaws uas muaj raws li txoj kev no mas. Kuv tsis ntseeg coob tus neeg hauv Argentina yuav pom zoo. Cov teb chaws tsis tau ua raws nraim li dawb tom khw evangelists xws li tus International Monetary Fund lawv hais rau nws thiab muaj tejyam saib cov kev pab cuam. Qhov tseeb yog tias tsis muaj industrialised lub neej tsim los ntawm cov kev cai zoo li no. Miskas lag luam muaj kev tiv thaiv tawm txawv teb chaws sib txeeb nyob puv 19 xyoo pua, li ntawd cov tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv ntau tsis ntev los no "zoo dab neeg" xws li kaus lim qab teb. Txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub khw dawb contradicts yav tas los thiab qhov tseeb tawm.Koj nyob nraum saib tus txheeb cais tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Feem ntau, cov teb chaws txom nyem nyiaj yog cov uas tsis tau muaj integrate nrog lub ntiaj teb no economy sai dua li lwm tus, vim tej lawv xaiv cov cai thiab vim tej yam sab nraud lawv tswj. Qhov tseeb dawb yog tias tsis muaj teb chaws, kawg tau txhua tus poorest, puas muaj nyiaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb economy.Txawm yog hais tias qhov no yeej muaj tseeb, dab tsi txog qhov lwm pliaj los ntawm globalisation? Lub zog corporations thiab lub ntiaj teb no nyiaj txiag ciaj uas muag adversely muaj feem xyuam rau qhov sovereignty ntawm lub teb chaws los ntawm limiting governments txiv muaj peev xwm los txiav txim seb txoj cai se thiab txauv tus nqi raws li lawv muaj peev xwm muab txim rau kev cai rau lub tuam txhab uas muag cov behaviour. Tam sim no lub teb chaws pab nyob rau hauv lub "haiv neeg rau hauv qab" thiab khaws peev; multinational corporations noj kom zoo dua qhov no mus ntiav sweatshop labour thiab ces yim tawm profits loj loj thaum them se tsawg heev.Ua ntej tshaj, governments' sovereignty twb tsis tau nyom. Fais fab ntawm lub biggest corporations no tsis muaj ib yam piv nrog uas ua tau ntawm tsoom fwv. Ua ib lub tuam txhab nce se los yog ib pab tub rog? Tsis tag ntiav. Ntxiv mus, mas yog tsis koom tes nrog ib "haiv neeg rau hauv qab". Nuj nqis tsaib no tsom tias governments thoob ntiaj teb yog nyob rau thaj tsam li mus sau me ntsis ntxiv se hauv tseem ntsiab lus uas tshaj lawv 10 xyoo dhau. Thiab lub cav uas cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob hauv poorer lub teb chaws yog nyob exploited yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev them nyiaj yug lawm. Lawv yuav zoo qhia meej tawm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm rau multinationals. Yog hais tias lawv mas lawv tsis tau ua haujlwm rau lawv. Qhov tseeb kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias nyiaj them los ntawm lub npe mus rau txawv teb chaws kom cov neeg ua hauj lwm hauv poorer lub teb chaws no txog dua zaum ob lub zos raug nyiaj.Tab sis ua cas multilateral no organisations sib nyiam cov IMF, World Bank thiab World Trade Organisation? Kuv nco electing, thiaj li yuav qhia lawv txoj cai mus hais li cas teb chaws sas nkawd affairs? Tsis yog nws cuab kev tias cov organisations tsuas pab nyiam ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas thiab ib tus twg lesser rau cov nplua nuj teb chaws? Lawv tsuas cov luag hauj lwm yog rau peddle tus neoliberal orthodoxy - hauv Washington yeem - ntawd xwb impoverishes qhov tiag poorest thiab maximises tus profits ntawm multinationals.Nws mas tsuas organisations li no lub teb chaws tsis tsim muaj sij hawm rau kev txhim kho lawv tej qhov xwm txheej. Tus IMF yog muaj zaug tawm lub teb chaws uas tau mus ua nyiaj txiag los xij. Governments mus rau ib lub IMF vim tus mas tsis yog mob heev npaum li cas. Yog hais tias tus IMF thiab nws tus muam organisation, cov npoo ntiaj teb, muaj kev sib txuas, qhov ndlwg ntawm cov chaw muab kev pab rau cov teb chaws yuav ploj zuj zus mus, tawm hauv ntiaj teb no loj hlob tseem heev tshaj tawm. Tus WTO yog ib yam txawv organisation thiab khiav ib-teb chaws-ib-xaiv puav uas tsis xav txog rau lub hwj huam economic hauv txhua lub teb chaws; txhua tus tib neeg muaj lub veto. Tsis tas li, tsis muaj teb chaws thiaj yuav compelled mloog lus WTO txoj cai uas nws ua tus thawj place opposed.