pregnancy, (3) a history of traumatic onset of
shoulder pain, (4) other histories of shoulder injury, (5) torn
tendons, (6) ligamentous laxity based on a positive Sulcus
and apprehension tests, (7) numbness or tingling in the
upper extremity, (8) previous shoulder or cervical spine
surgery, (9) systemic illness, (10) corticosteroid injection
on the shoulder within 1 year of the study, and (11) physical
therapy 6 months before the study.