Physical Mode
Bone metastases cause considerable morbidity, including
pain, impaired mobility, hypercalcemia, pathologic fracture,
spinal cord or nerve root compression, and bone-marrow infiltration
with resulting disruption of hematopoiesis. The most
common presentation of bone metastasis is pain (Namer,
1991; Portenoy & Lesage, 1999; Twycross & Fairfield, 1982).
Although the presence of bone metastasis has been the most
common cause of cancer-related pain, the severity of pain has
not been correlated with the extent of metastatic bone disease
(Portenoy & Lesage).